Section 4
Exchange and Subscriber Metering by Ian Jutting

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Subscriber's Private Metering Equipment was first introduced by the then Post Office Telecommunications as early as 1958 to coincide with the introduction of Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD). The intention was to allow subscribers (officially termed `Customers' from 1985) to be able to monitor the cost of telephone calls as they progressed. The earlier equipment showed the total chargeable units, also by use of a resettable hand, the units chargeable for individual calls. Meters were either of the clock type with rotating hands or of the odometer type, the latter primarily used on Private Manual Branch Switchboards.
Meter Pulsing
Metering pulses were derived from a Pulse Machine that produced pulses of 200 - 250 milliseconds at varying time intervals, depending on the charge rate for that particular call, ie local rate, `a' rate, `b' rate, international rate etc., and time of day, ie cheap rate, standard rate or peak rate. The tariff rate was selected by the exchange clock and the distance rate was set by whether the call destination is on the home or parent/local exchange as governed by the local dialling code used or by stored information on the drum translator on the trunk network. These pulses operated subscribers meters on the metering rack in the exchange. Later the pulses were stored on magnetic tape making billing much simpler. The pulses were transmitted on the `Private Wire' that accompanies the `A' and `B' wires around the exchange. When a call was in progress an earth condition was applied to the `P' wire. This guarded against the intrusion of other callers to that line, engaged tone being returned to those other callers. Metering pulses consisted of a +50 volts signal on the `P' wire, duration 200 milliseconds, derived from a special `Positive Battery' used only for metering.
Subscribers Private Metering
As the `P' wire did not extend beyond the exchange, subscribers could not derive metering pulses in the same way as the exchange meters.

As Meter Pulsing is still used to operate some private payphones and call loggers, this article has been shortened. When the facility is withdrawn then additional details may be given.

 Private Call Loggers
Quite sophisticated call logging apparatus became available that could monitor the telephone line and give a printout of the number of chargeable units used on a particular call, the call duration, cost, the number called and the date and time that the call originated. At the end of the review period it was possible to obtain a total cost of calls for that period though it was not possible to use the information to dispute the official telephone bill.

The most sophisticated call loggers were computer based and monitored all the exchange lines of a private exchange system, providing detailed statistical analysis of service. They could be programmed to bill individual departments for calls made during a given period also to expose illicit use of a telephone extension as extension number, number called, time, date, units and charge are logged.

References
POEEJ Vol 51, 1958 p324 Pulse-Generation and Traffic-Control Equipment for Periodic Metering (P.S. Russell et al)


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